What was bounty land

For more information about bounty land records, the following sources will be helpful:. Memories Overview Gallery People Find.

Sign in Create Account. Family Tree. From FamilySearch Wiki. United States. Land and Property. Military Records. Oh my, were the results consistently awful. As we later wrote in the brief, "These studies on the ineffectiveness of fully and partially online schools should raise red flags as school closures continue into fall The brief then goes on to make recommendations for policy and practice.

While we do not recommend rushing to reopen schools until it is safe to do so, we do speak to things educators can do, as well as larger issues of equitable funding of schools. Protests and White Supremacy. Recently we have witnessed white people in several states including Michigan and California protesting restrictions designed to prevent spread of COVID Some of these protests include not only white people wearing MAGA hats without facemasks, but also some carrying confederate flags, nooses, and guns.

I see them as part of a long arc of racial history in the U. In his book The Invention of the White Race , Theodore Allen explained that the ruling class created the notion that people can be divided and ranked hierarchically based on biology race as a form of social control.

European landowners feared rebellion by their workers who might unite around common grievances of exploitation. They came up with a solution. Give some status and privileges to the patchwork multitudes from Europe in exchange for their languages — unite them as white — and they would help keep everyone else in line.

That strategy worked. Back in the s, white people might have toiled as indentured servants, but not as people enslaved for life. Following the Civil War, many white people used violence to try to recreate the antebellum racial structure. During the rise of labor unions, white workers for the most part prohibited people of color from joining, and refused to advocate on behalf of issues of concern to workers of color.

Ever wonder why farmworkers and most domestic workers do not qualify for unemployment? Think racism. But being white like Trump, they feel emboldened to demand privileges that just so happen to require the labor and risk-taking of people of color. If we are to build a racially just society, we need to begin by unearthing and addressing the historic roots racism. Voice in Novel's History Stories. I'm working on my third novel, which is loosely connected with the first novel White Bread.

If you liked Esteban in White Bread , he's back, although this time as a high school principal. And he's married to his college sweetheart, Brenda. No updates on Jessica in this novel, you'll have to wait for the next one. Like the previous two novels, this one is set mainly in the Bay Area of California in the present, but has flashbacks to the s, mainly East Tennessee, where historical roots unfold. And like in the previous two novels, the history stories have been meticulously researched, then brought to life with characters drawn partially from my own family history.

I'm struggling with what voice to use in the history stories. All of them are framed as if one of the characters is telling the story -- Roxane, one of the novel's protagonists; Ada, her mother; or the other protagonist Ben. One is even framed as though it is told by Ben's ten-year old son, but not written in a ten-year old's voice. If it were, I wouldn't be able to include nearly as much information as I did.

A ten-year-old just wouldn't tell a story in the same way as an adult. I wanted to frame the history stories this way in order to link them with how a character came up with the story, and how the character or other characters reacted to its telling. The history stories all emerge from work characters do peeling back the layers of their family histories.

What they find is central to the novel's overall story arcl. If I didn't wrap the stories within the lives and goings-on of the characters, if I just dropped them in, they wouldn't have a clear purpose. But these history stories are all written in the same voice -- my voice. I'm not sure what to do. Drop me a line if you have an idea! Transformative Ethnic Studies in Schools released!

Ethnic studies has gathered considerable momentum in schools and school districts around the U. Miguel Zavala and I wrote this book, initially on the urging of James Banks to update my earlier research review on the impact of ethnic studies on students. But as we got into the project, it became clear to us that we needed to do more, including laying out core principles and practices of K ethnic studies at its best. Ethnic studies can be framed as anti-racist in the sense that it attempts to unpack, challenge, and eradicate racism as it takes place in our schools and in the broader society.

But ethnic studies attempts to do more than this. For example, in Tucson the Social Justice Education Project , which was part of the Mexican American Raza Studies program, encompassed four high school courses students were taking anyway.

Three were core social studies courses and one was a core literature course. It is even possible to rethink mathematics through the lens of ethnic studies, as demonstrated by Math in a Cultural Context. As ethnic studies gain steam nationally, like multicultural education, it faces the challenge of remaining true to its purpose and true to the communities who have fought for it, in a time when others will push back against it or try to domesticate it.

We can see that process at work in California in the current debates over an ethnic studies model curriculum. Ethnic studies teachers and specialists were appointed to write a model showing what robust ethnic studies curricula look like.

But since ethnic studies articulates a vision who we are as a nation — and the model curriculum draft did that — it received push back. So, Zavala and I take a step back in this book and ask: What do we mean by ethnic studies at K levels? What does it look like, how do its teachers experience and think about it, and what might help move a way forward?

Transformative Ethnic Studies in Schools builds on and adds to the grassroots momentum for ethnic studies, and the research track record it has generated. We hope that this book is useful to ethnic studies teachers and advocates, educates those who question how or whether racism structures curriculum, and helps to move practice forward. Welcome to new website. Welcome to my new website! Since my last blog post, various things have happened; I will highlight three.

First and most difficult, my life partner for the last 32 years, Joe Larkin , passed away September 16, , due to the combined and devastating impact of two strokes. As you can imagine, this has thrown my life out of balance in numerous ways. A second development has been the work toward ethnic studies in California. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Kimberly Powell. Genealogy Expert.

Updated April 28, Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Powell, Kimberly. Bounty Land Warrants. Researching Your Revolutionary War Ancestor. The March of the Veterans Bonus Army. They would have had to have paid cash fees to the land office; they would probably not have been interested in traveling to the areas where public lands were currently being offered, locating a parcel of land, clearing it, and homesteading it. In effect, the veteran or his heirs received a small cash payment from the government.

In light of the government policy of encouraging Native Americans to farm the land and give up their ancient culture to become more like the mainstream white population, the bounty land warrant was a failure. The discrepancies revealed in the examination of these three applications for bounty land warrants give us fair enough warning that the information in the records may have been distorted for the purposes of meeting the requirements for eligibility.

It seems unlikely since her mother had twice previously given his death date as around , and Mary was not born until Did Powes actually serve in the second war as claimed in Socotige's second application, or was this simply an attempt to get a another warrant?

As with any historical record, one must be careful in judging the validity of the evidence. When we can establish a motive for distorting the facts, it seems wise to take that information with a grain of salt. Who was Mary? Was she perhaps actually the daughter of Echo Tustunnuggee? Or might he have been her mother's brother? Was Socotige even her real mother? The Eufaula council may have given Echo guardianship of Mary because of a kinship relationship; or maybe because he was owed a debt that could be paid by awarding him guardianship of a child who might be eligible for a warrant that could be sold for cash.

Unfortunately, we cannot tell from these particular applications. On the other hand, we do know that Powes Yahola did serve in the war since his name was verified on the muster roll, and it does seem likely that he was married to Socotige. The slight discrepancy in the marriage dates is probably attributable to faulty memory and the fact that the system of dating was the white man's system, not hers.

We can assume that there were other tribal members with the names given on the affidavits and that they also lived in Eufaula. We learn from the records that Eufaula had a governing body that took responsibility for assigning guardianship of minor children. Other interesting information revealed by these records is that there were a substantial number of Native Americans who fought for the United States government against other Indian nations and were eligible for bounty land awards.

Most appear to have taken the cash rather than the land. Now, what about researching your Indian ancestors in the early s? The bounty land warrants and applications discussed here are best suited to a researcher who has exhausted the usual sources and still wishes to continue the search.

Since the records have not as yet been microfilmed, accessibility is limited to the Washington, D. You will find some interesting information in the bounty land warrant applications, but you will have to be the judge as to how much credence to give the specific data. She received her M. Top Skip to main content.